A Question of Benevolence: “To Repress Faults is Hard, But Is It Perfect Virtue?”

A dialogue: “If one represses pride, boasting, resentment, and desire, is that perfect virtue?” Confucius replied: “It is difficult, but I don’t know if it is perfect virtue.”

“When the love of superiority, boasting, resentments, and covetousness are repressed, this may be deemed perfect virtue.” The Master said, “This may be regarded as the achievement of what is difficult. But I do not know that it is to be deemed perfect virtue.”

克、伐、怨、欲不行焉,可以为仁矣?子曰:“可以为难矣,仁则吾不知也。”

Source: The Analects, Xian Wen XIV, Chapter 1

Author: Confucius (in dialogue with Xian)

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