Craftiness vs. Uprightness: Confucius on the Styles of Two Hegemons

By / / craftiness, hegemony, Jin Wen Gong, political ethics, Qi Huan Gong, The Analects, uprightness, Xian Wen XIV, Xian Wen XIV Chapter 15
Confucius said: “The Duke Wen of Jin was crafty, not upright; the Duke Huan of Qi was upright, not crafty.”

The duke Wen of Jin was crafty and not upright. The duke Huan of Qi was upright and not crafty.

晋文公谲而不正，齐桓公正而不谲。

Source: The Analects, Xian Wen XIV, Chapter 15

Author: Confucius

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