The Four Emptinesses: Freedom from Conjecture, Certainty, Inflexibility, and Self

The Compilers recorded that the Master was entirely free from four things: conjecture, certainty, inflexibility, and egoism.

There were four things from which the Master was entirely free. He had no foregone conclusions, no arbitrary predeterminations, no obstinacy, and no egoism.

子绝四:毋意,毋必,毋固,毋我。

Source: The Analects, Zi Han IX, Chapter 4

Author: The Compilers

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